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Bessie Coleman

贝西科尔曼

Bessie Coleman was the first African American and Native American woman pilot. She was known for her daring stunt tricks in the air and performed for audiences in both the United States and Europe. Coleman was born on January 26, 1892, in Atlanta, Texas, to a large family. She grew up in Texas and briefly attended college at the Colored Agricultural and Normal University in Oklahoma before dropping out due to a lack of tuition money.

贝西科尔曼是第一位非裔美国人和美国土著女性飞行员。她以大胆的空中特技而闻名，曾在美国和欧洲为观众表演过。科尔曼于1892年1月26日出生在德克萨斯州亚特兰大的一个大家庭里。她在德克萨斯州长大，

他曾在俄克拉何马有色农业师范大学短暂学习，但后来因为交不起学费而辍学。

In 1915, Coleman moved to Chicago to join her brothers. They served in World War I and told her about how women in France were more commonly allowed to fly airplanes, unlike in the United States. This inspired Coleman to apply to flight schools across the United States, but she was rejected from all of them due to her being African American and a woman. Undeterred, Coleman began taking French classes and applied to flight schools in France, which were more welcoming.

1915年，科尔曼搬到芝加哥与她的兄弟团聚。他们在第一次世界大战中服役，并告诉她，与美国不同，法国妇女通常被允许驾驶飞机。这激发了科尔曼申请美国各地的飞行学校，但因为她是非裔美国人和女性，

所有的学校都拒绝了她。科尔曼毫不气馁，开始上法语课，并申请了一所更友好的法国飞行学校。

Coleman was finally admitted to Calderon Brothers Aviation School in France and officially obtained her international pilot license on June 21, 1915. In order to make money for her own plane, Coleman began to lecture tour, showing the movies she flew to audiences everywhere, and warned that the places she went could not discriminate against African-Americans. In 1922, she became the first African-American woman to fly in public, and the audience was excited by her circle and figure-eight stunt on the plane. She is also famous for teaching flying lessons and inspiring African-Americans and women to fly airplanes.

科尔曼最终被法国卡尔德龙兄弟航空学院录取，并于1915年6月21日正式获得国际飞行员执照。为了挣钱买自己的飞机，科尔曼进行了一次巡回演讲，并向各地的观众放映了她的飞行电影，但她的要求是，

她去的地方不能歧视非裔。1922年，她成为第一位公开飞行的非裔美国女性，观众对她在飞机上的转圈和8字形技巧感到兴奋。她也因教授飞行课程和激励非裔美国人和妇女驾驶飞机而闻名。

Coleman was involved in several serious plane accidents early in her career but was able to recover and fly again. On April 30, 1926, Coleman was a passenger on a flight with a mechanic, William Wills. While they were flying, a wrench got caught in the engine and Wills lost control of the plane, causing it to flip over. Coleman was not wearing a seatbelt and most planes at this time did not have a roof over the passengers, so Coleman fell out of the plane and died in the crash. Her legacy lived on through flying clubs for African American women named in her honor, and she was commemorated on a United States postage stamp in 1995.

科尔曼在职业生涯早期遭遇了几次严重的飞机事故，但她康复并再次飞行。1926年4月30日，科尔曼和一位名叫威廉威尔斯的机械师一起飞行。当他们飞行时，一个扳手卡在了引擎里。

威尔斯失去了对飞机的控制，导致它翻了个身。科尔曼没有系安全带，而此时飞机上的大部分乘客都没有车顶保护，所以科尔曼从飞机上摔了下来，死于坠机事故。

她的遗产通过以她名字命名的非裔美国妇女飞行俱乐部得以延续，1995年，为了纪念她，她被印在了美国邮票上。

【Source】www.archives.gov

[Translated from] Spark Liao (Liao Huaibao)

[Illustration] From ice

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