其实历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)的问题并不复杂，但是又很多的朋友都不太了解历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)，因此呢，今天小编就来为大家分享历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)的一些知识，希望可以帮助到大家，下面我们一起来看看这个问题的分析吧！

[往期回顾]

英汉双语阅读25:假面舞会是怎么来的？

[本期内容]

6 Legendary Mercenary Armies From History

历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(一)

Back in ancient history, some of the most terrible fighting forces in the world were composed of freedom fighters, who were not allied with any particular country or king. Learn about the six most notorious and influential private armies in history.

追溯到古代历史，世界上一些最可怕的战斗力量是由自由战士组成的，他们不与任何特定的国家或国王结盟。了解历史上最臭名昭著、最有影响力的六支私军的事实。

1. Ten thousand people (ten thousand army)

As the historian Xenophon recorded in The Expedition, "10,000 people" were mixed Greek fighters hired by young Ju Lushi, who helped his brother King Artaxerxes II to be ousted from the Persian throne. In 401 BC, Greek hired soldiers, many of whom were veterans of the Peloponnesian War, fought alongside Ju Lushi and his rebels when they clashed with the king's army near Baghdad. When these 10,000 people held their ground in the battle, Cyrus was killed in the battle, and the mercenary generals were betrayed and killed when they tried to negotiate a retreat.

正如历史学家色诺芬在公元《Anabasis》年所记录的，“万人大军”是由库鲁什雇佣的各种各样的希腊士兵，他们帮助驱逐他的兄弟阿尔塔薛西斯二世国王离开波斯王位。公元前401年，

雇佣的希腊士兵——，其中许多是伯罗奔尼撒战争的老兵，在巴格达附近与国王的军队发生冲突，并与居鲁士及其叛军并肩作战。当一万军队坚守阵地时，居鲁士在战斗中牺牲了。

雇佣军将领在试图谈判撤退时遭到背叛和谋杀。

The 10,000 survivors were forced to unite and fight their way out under the pursuit of Artaxerxes II's army and hostile locals. After Xenophon was elected as one of their new leaders, the rogue army began a nine-month trek from the center of Babylonia to the Greek Black Sea port of Trapet Zus. Despite constant ambushes, bad weather and famine, they arrived in friendly land, and nearly three-quarters of them remained intact. Xenophon's description of "10,000 people fighting to retreat" has since become a classic heroic story, and even became the inspiration for the 1979 fanatical film The Warrior.

在阿尔塔薛西斯二世部队和敌对当地民众的追击下，万人大军幸存成员被迫团结起来，奋力杀出敌占区。色诺芬被选为他们的新领袖之一后，流浪军开始了长达9个月的跋涉。

从巴比伦的心脏到希腊黑海港口的索斯比，特拉佩。尽管不断遭遇伏击、恶劣天气和饥荒，但他们来到了一片友好的土地，几乎四分之三的人都安然无恙。

色诺芬描写的一万大军边打边退，从此成为英雄主义的经典故事，甚至成为1979年非主流电影《勇士》的灵感来源。

2. White Company (White Corps)

The White Company is one of the most notorious so-called "freedom companies". It is a group of for-profit soldiers who commanded most wars in 14th century Italy. This unit first gained fame in the 1660s, and then came under the command of Sir john Hawkwood, an Englishman who was knighted for his contribution in the Hundred Years' War. Under the leadership of hawkwood, the White Legion became one of the most elite Italian mercenaries. Its troops-a cultural hodgepodge of British, German, Brittany and Hungarian adventurers-are famous for their skills in using longbows and spears, and they frighten their opponents with lightning-fast raids and their willingness to fight in bad weather or even at night.

白色军团是所谓“自由军团”中最臭名昭著的，也就是在14世纪的意大利，一群以赚钱为目的的士兵主导了大部分战争。这支部队最早出现在17世纪60年代，后来由英国人约翰霍克伍德爵士指挥。

霍克伍德爵士因在百年战争中的贡献而被封为爵士。在霍克伍德的领导下，白色军团成为意大利最精锐的雇佣军之一。它的部队是来自英国、德国、布列塔尼和匈牙利的冒险家的大杂烩，以他们的长弓和长矛技能而闻名。

他们以闪电般的突袭和在恶劣天气甚至夜间作战的意愿吓坏了对手。

In an era when Italy was splintered between warring city-states and medieval lords, the men of the White Company made a killing by auctioning their services off to the highest bidder. Between 1363 and 1388, they fought both for and against the Pope, the city of Milan and the city of Florence, but they were rarely out of the field even during times of peace. In fact, when unemployed, the adventurers often kept their coffers full by launching raids on nearby villages and towns.

在意大利被城邦和中世纪领主瓜分的时期，白色军团的士兵通过将他们的服务拍卖给出价最高的人赚了很多钱。从1363年到1388年，他们为教皇、米兰和佛罗伦萨而战，但即使在和平时期，

他们很少离开战场。事实上，当失业时，这些冒险家经常通过袭击附近的村庄和城镇来充实自己的金库。

3. Swiss Guard (Swiss Guard)

Today, the Swiss Guards are regarded as the protectors of the striped uniforms of the Vatican Pope, but their history can be traced back to the prosperous mercenary gangs in the Renaissance. During the 15th and 19th centuries, more than 1 million Swiss adventurers fought in European armies. These troops were the first European soldiers to master the use of spears and halberds against heavily armored enemies. By the 15th century, their revolutionary tactics and absolute cruelty won them the reputation of the best contract troops that money can buy. Swiss mercenaries often work for the French. They fought and died a lot during the French Revolution.

今天，瑞士卫队被称为梵蒂冈教皇条纹制服的保护者，但他们的历史可以追溯到文艺复兴时期蓬勃发展的雇佣军队伍。在15世纪和19世纪，超过一百万的瑞士冒险家参加了欧洲军队的战斗。

这些部队是第一批掌握使用长矛和戟对抗重甲敌人的欧洲士兵之一，到15世纪，他们的革命战术和残酷无情为他们赢得了金钱可以买到的最佳雇佣军部队的声誉。瑞士雇佣兵经常为法国人工作，

他们在法国大革命期间打了很多仗，牺牲了无数生命。

A small contingent of 150 Swiss soldiers of fortune began serving as papal bodyguards in 1506, and the unit endured as the official watchmen of the Vatican even after Switzerland banned its citizens from working as mercenaries. Still clad in their brightly colored Renaissance-era uniforms, the Swiss Guards of today are required to be Roman Catholics, stand at least 5 foot 6 inches tall and have a military background. Their role is often ceremonial, but in the past they have been required to fight to protect the pontiff. During one attack on Rome in 1527, nearly four-fifths of the Swiss Guard were slain while defending Pope Clement VII from capture.

1506年，一支由150名富有的瑞士士兵组成的队伍开始担任教皇保镖。即使在瑞士禁止其公民成为雇佣兵后，这支队伍仍然作为梵蒂冈的官方卫队存在。今天的瑞士卫队仍然穿着色彩鲜艳的文艺复兴时期的制服。

他们必须是罗马天主教徒，至少5英尺6英寸高，并有军事背景。他们的角色通常是礼仪性的，但在过去，他们被要求为教皇的保护而战。在1527年对罗马的一次袭击中，

近五分之四的瑞士卫兵在保护教皇克拉门特七世不被俘虏时丧生。

【Source】www.history.com

[Translated from] Spark Liao (Liao Huaibao)

[Illustration] From ice

关于历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)，历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)的介绍到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。