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我在名词子句中与你分享了以下内容：

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

今天我将和你分享最后一个名词从句——同位语从句。

1.什么是“同位语”？

当一个名词(或其他形式)用来定义或解释另一个名词或代词时，这个名词(或其他形式)是同位语。

同位语和它所修饰的词在格式上要一致，同位语一般跟在被修饰的词后面。

同位语与被修饰词关系密切时，不用逗号隔开；同位语只对所修饰的词作补充说明时，可以用逗号隔开。比如：

1) My sister Mary will visit me tomorrow morning.

2) Last Saturday, I met my old friend, James Brown.

第一句中的Mary是姐姐的同位语，第二句中的James Brown是老朋友的同位语，都是指同一个人。

第二，同位语词的分类

名词或名词短语作同位语

Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.

句子中的市长是杰克的同位语。

Jerry, our beloved pet dog, has lived with us for eight years.

句子中我们心爱的宠物狗是Jerry的同位语。

(二)直接引语作同位语

Now let's get down to the girl's question, 'Who will take over the job?'

句子中直接引用引号被认为是问句的同位语。

(C)同位语句子

I don't believe the fact that she is a spy.

她是间谍这句话是事实的同位语。

3.什么是同位语从句？

当一个句子用作名词或代词的同位语时，它是名词或代词的同位语从句。

同位语从句主要用来解释前面的抽象名词，被解释的词和同位语在逻辑上是主谓关系。比如：

The idea that we will visit Paris next week excites every one of us.

同位语从句我们下周要去巴黎参观，句子中的意思是主谓关系，也就是同位语从句和它修饰的成分实际上可以用系动词连接。比如：

The idea is that we will visit Paris next week.

第四，同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词通常包括连接词that，what，连接代词和连接副词。

(一)导致同位语从句

They are very excited to hear the news that they have won the game.

The fact that he stole the money yesterday shocks us all.

[注意]

1.同位语从句修饰的名词表示建议、命令、要求等时。同位语从句的谓语动词采用“应该做”的虚拟语气形式。其中should可以省略。诸如

They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished.

They expressed the wish that he (should) leave the country as soon as possible.

2.引导同位语从句的连词通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省略。比如：

He picked up his luggage and gave the impression he was boarding the waiting train.

在句子中，impression后面省略了。

(二)是否引导同位语从句

what用来引导同位语从句时，它所修饰的名词往往是表示问题或疑问的名词。比如：

There is some doubt whether he will come.

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.

注意：if不能引导同位语从句。

(C)由连接代词引导的同位语从句

常用来引导同位语从句的连接代词有what，who，who，who，which等。比如：

I'm wondering the puzzle who has taken away my umbrella.

He has no idea what time he should leave tomorrow.

(D)由连接副词引导的同位语从句

常用来引导同位语从句的副词有何时、何地、为什么、如何以及它们的过去结构。比如：

She has no idea when the plane will arrive.

It is a question how he managed to solve the mystery.

He had no idea why she had left without saying goodbye to anyone.

动词（verb的缩写）同位从句与修饰名词的分离

有时同位语从句与它们修饰的名词分开。比如：

The story goes that she has won the race many times.

The rumour spread that a new governor would be appointed here.

Report has it that many citizens died in the earthquake last night.

The order soon came that all soldiers (should) retreat under no circumstances.

从上面的例子可以看出，当同位语从句和它所修饰的名词分开时，往往是因为这个名词是主句的主语，后面是主句的谓语动词。

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