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[往期回顾]

一课一题一语法：新概念英语第二册第85课

【回答】

1. Her husband _will have left_ (leave) for Shanghai by the time she comes back from work.

2. He _will be reading_ (read) in the library this time tomorrow.

3. The girl _will have been playing_ (play) the guitar for five months by the end of next week.

[本期内容]

本周继续分享《新概念英语2》第八十六课重点句型或语法。先读课文：

一.原文

Lesson 86 Out of control

As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.

可以从以下购买《新概念英语》的第二册官方教材：

新概念英语2教材朗文外研社英语新概念2第二册教材

38.9

买

第二，关键句型或语法

这节课主要复习第十四课、第三十八课和第六十二课所学的过去完成时和过去完成进行时的用法。

第十四课

本课重点讲解过去完成时的基本用法，即表示过去，其基本结构为：

sb. had done sth.

比如：

She had left home when the phone rang.

它的否定表达是：

sb. had not done sth.

比如：

She had not left home when the phone rang.

只要疑问句把had放在主语前面，如：

- Had she left home when the phone rang?

- Yes, she had.

- No, she hadn't.

When had she left home?

过去完成时的常见标志有：

Past time, such as before yesterday.

用一般过去式的时间状语从句，比如他回来的时候。

这节课重点是过去完成时在时间状语从句中的用法。常见的从句有：when，after，before，until，only as。比如：

When he came back, his wife had already flown to Paris.

After she had finished her job, she went to the cinema.

Before I gave him the notebook, he had bought a new one.

She did not go to sleep until her husband had come back home.

As soon as she had arrived in London, she called her mother.

第三十八课

这节课继续学习过去完成时的用法，重点是“一”的句型.只是……”以及它在间接引语中的用法。

1.“一”的句式.只是……”

“一”的句式.只是……”一般由尽快引导，但其他常用的句型有：hardly.当.的时候.一旦…立即.比.比如：

As soon as I had arrived home, Jane called me.

I had hardly arrived home when Jane called me.

I had no sooner arrived home than Jane called me.

[注意]

It can hardly be replaced by little, almost, almost, etc.

2.间接引语中

在间接引语中，当主句中的动词采用过去式时，其从句中的动词应改为相应的过去式，然后从句(间接引语)中的谓语动词可能采用过去完成时。比如：

Tim said to Kathy, "I went to the meeting yesterday."

: www.en-square.com Tim told Kathy that he had attended the meeting the day before.

The direct quotation Bob said to Nina, "Have you finished your program?"

: www.en-square.com Bob asked Nina if she had finished her program.

第六十二课

这节课重点讲解过去完成进行时的用法，并与过去完成时进行比较。

过去完成进行时主要用来表示过去发生的事情，持续到过去某个时间结束或仍在继续。

相比较而言，过去完成时强调结果，其动词既可以是瞬时动词，也可以是连续动词，而过去完成时强调过程，所以其动词必须是连续动词。比如：

He had finished the work by last Friday. (Instantaneous verb, emphasizing the result)

He had read the novel before she came back. (continuous verb, emphasizing the result)

He had read novels for two hours before she came back. (continuous verb, emphasizing process)

第三，一课一问

根据这节课的复习内容，我们来练习一下。请根据上下文用适当的动词形式填空。

1. They _____ (complete) the work on the bridge by next Sunday.

2. They _____ (leave) for Moscow by the end of last month.

3. They _____ (work) on the problem for ten days before it was solved.

4. They _____ (build) the house for two weeks by the time she comes next week.

廖怀宝

石雪英语创始人

《英语点津系列辅导丛书》主编

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