欢迎您访问欧米教育!

一站式掌握英语报告演讲

更新时间:2024-01-07 20:56:08作者:晓雯

各位老铁们好,相信很多人对一站式掌握英语报告演讲都不是特别的了解,因此呢,今天就来为大家分享下关于一站式掌握英语报告演讲以及一站式掌握英语报告演讲的问题知识,还望可以帮助大家,解决大家的一些困惑,下面一起来看看吧!

摘要

(1)定义

什么是“直接引语”和“间接引语”

(2)三个原则

1、时态变化的原则

2.人的变化原则

3、句型变化的原则

(3)注意事项

1.主句中谓语动词的变化

2.时间和地点状语的变化。

3.当直接引用是客观事实或真理时

(1)定义

如果有间接引语,首先要有直接引语。

所谓直接引语,是指直接引用别人的原话,两边都标上引号。

而所谓间接引语(或转述引语)是指别人用自己的语言说的话,不带引号。

(2)三个原则

直接引语到间接引语的转换一直是各种英语考试中的考点,考生对转换方法总是不清楚。其实掌握起来并不难。首先要记住的是,直接引语转化为间接引语后,通常以宾语从句的形式呈现。此外,

最重要的是掌握以下两条原则:

1、时态变化的原则

把直接引语转换成间接引语时,首先要注意的是主句动词的时态。一般分为以下两种情况:

1)当主句动词使用一般现在时,间接引语中动词的时态与直接引语中的时态保持一致。例如:

(1)

: The worker said to Mary, "Thank you very much for your timely help."

: The worker told Mary that he was very grateful for her timely help.

(2)

Direct quote: The workers said to my mother,' You have been very kind to all of us.'

The workers told my mother that she had always been kind to them.

2)主句中的动词使用一般过去式时,直接引语中的动词时态应改为对应的过去式。具体怎么改请参考下表(表中的7个时态都是《新概念英语》第一册中先后出现过的时态,

也是最常用的7种时态):

直接引语中的动词时态

间接引语中的动词时态

现在进行时

过去进行时还是过去进行时

现在时

简单过去式

简单过去式

过去完成时

现在完成时

过去完成时

过去进行时还是过去进行时

过去进行时还是过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时

一般将来时

过去将来时

例如:

(1)

The direct quotation Jack said to me, "What a good girl she is." . "(simple present tense)

Indirect quotation Jack told me that she was such a good girl. (simple past tense)

(2)

Jack said to her, "You will pass the exam." (simple future tense)

Jack told her that she would pass the exam. (past future tense)

(3)

The direct quotation Jack told us, "I have been to Egypt twice." (present perfect tense)

Indirect quotation Jack told us that he had been to Egypt twice. (past perfect tense)

2.人的变化原则

实际上,从上面时态变化原则给出的例子中,我们基本上可以总结出,当直接引语转换成间接引语时,人称应该如何变化。有人给出了一个很巧妙的公式——,“一随主,二随物,三不变”。

公式中的“一、二、三”是指直接引语中主语的人称,而“主语、宾语和不变”是指直接引语主句中的主语、宾语或不变。我来给你详细解释一下。

1)所谓“跟主语”,是指当直接引语中的主语是第一人称时,该人称转换成间接引语后,应与直接引语中主句的主语保持一致。比如:

Direct quotation: He said to the princess, "I am a soldier from Spain."

: He told the princess that he was a soldier from Spain.

2)所谓“二宾”,是指当直接引语中的主语是第二人称时,人称转换成间接引语后,应与直接引语中主句的谓语动词宾语保持一致。

直接引语:He said to the princess, 'You can leave the castle at midnight.'

间接引语:He told the princess that she could leave the castle at midnight.

3)所谓“三不变”,指的是:当直接引语中的主语是第三人称时,转换为间接引语后,其人称保持不变,即还是保持直接引语中原来的人称。

直接引语:He said to the princess, 'They will come to help soon.'

间接引语:He told the princess that they would come to help soon.

【注意】当直接引语中出现了多个人称时,所有人称的变化都分别按照三种情况做相应的变化。如:

(1)

直接引语:He said to the princess, 'I can escort you home.'

间接引语:He told the princess that he could escort her home.

(2)

直接引语:He said to the princess, 'Your people really appreciate your father's kindness and generosity to the poor.'

间接引语:He told the princess that her people really appreciated her father's kindness and generosity to the poor.

.

3、句型变化原则

所谓句型变化原则,指的是当直接引语转换为间接引语时,要根据直接引语本身的句子种类,选择不同的连接词或作出不同句子结构的变化。具体的变化情况请看下表:

直接引语中的句子种类

间接引语的连接词或句型变化

陈述句

that(可以省略)

一般疑问句

if/whether

选择疑问句

if/whether

特殊疑问句

直接引语中的特殊疑问词

祈使句

动词不定式(to do或not to do)

其中,考虑到直接引语中的句子如果是反义疑问句或是感叹句的情况不太常用,也不太常考,所以在此就不加赘述了。

下面我们来看一些上表中的各种情况的例句:

(1)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'You don't need to go to the airport to meet him.' (陈述句)

间接引语:My boss told me yesterday (that) I didn't need to go to the airport to meet him. (that连接,可以省略)

(2)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'Can you meet Michelle at the airport?' (一般疑问句)

间接引语:My boss asked me yesterday if/whether I could meet Michelle at the airport. (if/whether连接)

(3)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'Do you want to meet Michelle at the airport or in the office?' (选择疑问句)

间接引语:My boss asked me yesterday if/whether I wanted to meet Michelle at the airport or in the office. (if/whether连接)

(4)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'What colour does Carol like best?' (特殊疑问句)

间接引语:My boss asked me yesterday what colour Carol liked best. (特殊疑问词what连接)

(5)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'Book two tickets to London tomorrow.' (肯定祈使句)

间接引语:My boss told me yesterday to book two tickets to London tomorrow. (改为to do)

(6)

直接引语:My boss said to me yesterday, 'Don't come to work late again.' (否定祈使句)

间接引语:My boss told me yesterday not to come to work late again. (改为not to do)

(三)注意事项

1、直接引语中谓语动词的变化

一般来说,如果直接引语中主句的谓语动词是say/said to sb.而且直接引语是陈述句时,变成间接引语后,一般都要改为tell/told sb.但是,

如果主句谓语动词say/said后面没有接to sb.时,则保持不变。而如果直接引语中主句的谓语动词是say/said to sb.但直接引语是疑问句时,变成间接引语后,

一般都要改为ask/asked sb.但是,如果主句谓语动词say/said后面没有接to sb.时,则改为ask/asked即可。

2、时间状语和地点状语的变化

一般来说,直接引语中的时间状语和地点状语也要作相应的变化,前提是要看转述者是在直接引语原地转述,还是异地转述。也就是说,要看转述者是不是彼时彼地直接就进行转述了。如果直接就地转述了,

下面表格中的左边的内容保持不变;如果是异地转述,就按照下面表格中右边的内容作相应的变化。

直接引语中

间接引语中

here

there

ago

before

this

that

these

those

now

then

today

that day

this week(month,etc.)

that week(month,etc.)

yesterday

the day before

the day before yesterdaylast week(year,etc.)

two days beforethe week (year,etc.)before

tomorrow

the next/following day

the day after tomorrow

two days later(in two days' time)

next week(year,etc)

the next/following week(year,etc)

tonight

that night

当然,以上表格并未穷尽所有时间和地点状语的变化情况,大家需要根据具体情况酌情作出变化。需要注意的是,如果是具体日期和时刻,是保持不变的。

3、当直接引语是客观事实或真理的时候

当直接引语是客观事实或真理时,无论主句的谓语动词采用的是一般现在时还是一般过去时,间接引语的谓语动词还是采用一般现在时。如:

直接引语:The teacher said to the students, 'The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.'

间接引语:The teacher told the students (that) the sun rises from the east and sets in the west.

OK,关于一站式掌握英语报告演讲和一站式掌握英语报告演讲的内容到此结束了,希望对大家有所帮助。