埃及爱资哈尔大学
2025-01-13
更新时间：2025-01-13 19:59:34作者：欧曼老师
爱资哈尔大学于公元970年在埃及开罗成立，尽管直到1961年才获得大学地位，但从技术上讲，它仍然是世界上最古老的大学之一
一千多年来，它一直是一个备受尊敬的伊斯兰学习中心，最初是一所“宗教学校”，教授从小学到大学的学生。它以开罗中世纪地区的清真寺命名，由什叶派法蒂玛王朝于公元970年建立，并于公元988年正式组织
爱资哈尔的教育形式在其早期历史的大部分时间里仍然相对非正式：没有入学要求，没有正式课程，也没有学位。学生们详细学习了伊斯兰法和《古兰经》，以及神学、阿拉伯语、逻辑、语法和如何计算月相
在这个时代，爱资哈尔经历了许多政治不稳定，最引人注目的是在12世纪，一个新的王朝掌权，摧毁了10万部文本
19世纪末，引入了入学要求、考试和一些现代科目
20世纪60年代初，爱资哈尔被国有化，并进行了实质性改革，增加了医学院和工程院。1962年，女性也开始被录取
它是阿拉伯世界唯一一所通过将世俗科目纳入课程而作为现代大学生存下来的古代大学。它现在提供商业、经济、科学、医学、工程和农业课程，以及享有盛誉的伊斯兰教义
它的图书馆被认为是埃及第二重要的图书馆，仅次于埃及国家图书馆和档案馆
Al-Azhar University was founded in Cairo, Egypt in 970 AD and despite not gaining university status until 1961, it is still technically among the world’s oldest universities.
For over a millennium, it has been a hugely respected centre of Islamic learning and began as a "madrasa," teaching students from primary to tertiary level. Named after the mosque in Cairo’s medieval quarter, it was founded by the Shi’ite Fatimid Dynasty in 970 AD and was formally organised by 988 AD.
Al-Azhar’s educational format remained relatively informal during much of its early history: there were no entrance requirements, no formal curriculum and no degrees. Students studied Islamic law and the Qur’an in detail, as well as theology, the Arabic language, logic, grammar and how to calculate the phases of the moon.
Through its time, Al-Azhar has experienced much political instability, most notably in the 12th century, when a new dynasty took power and destroyed 100,000 texts.
In the late 19th century, admission requirements, examinations and a number of modern subjects were introduced.
In the early 1960s, Al-Azhar was nationalised and underwent substantial reforms, resulting in the addition of the faculty of medicine and the faculty of engineering. Women also began to be admitted to study in 1962.
It is the only ancient university in the Arabic world to survive as a modern university by including secular subjects in the curriculum. It now offers programmes in business, economics, science, medicine, engineering and agriculture, as well as its prestigious Islamic teachings.
Its library is considered to be the second most important in Egypt, after the Egyptian National Library and Archives.
